Interactive Tool: Should I Consider Surgery for My Low Back Problem?

References

Citations

1. Carragee EJ, Hannibal M (2004). Diagnostic evaluation of low back pain. Orthopedic Clinics of North America, 35(2004): 7–16.

Other Works Consulted

• Carragee EJ, Hannibal M (2004). Diagnostic evaluation of low back pain. Orthopedic Clinics of North America, 35(2004): 7–16.

• Hu SS, et al. (2006). Lumbar disc herniation section of Disorders, diseases, and injuries of the spine. In HB Skinner, ed., Current Diagnosis and Treatment in Orthopedics, 4th ed., pp. 246–249. New York: McGraw-Hill.

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Author:	Shannon Erstad, MBA/MPH	Last Updated: November 30, 2009
Medical Review:	William H. Blahd, Jr., MD, FACEP - Emergency Medicine Robert B. Keller, MD - Orthopedics
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